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Kars Oblast ((ロシア語:Карсская область), ''Karsskaya Oblast'') was one of the Transcaucasian oblasts of the Russian Empire between 1878 and 1917. Its capital was the city of Kars, presently in the Republic of Turkey. The governorate bordered with the Ottoman Empire, Batum Oblast, Tiflis Governorate, Erivan Governorate, and from 1883 to 1903 the Kutaisi Governorate. It covered all of Turkey's present provinces of Kars and Ardahan and the northeastern part of Erzurum Province as well as a small part of Armenia. According to the Russian Empire Census of 1897, the Oblast was populated with 25.3% Armenians, 21.9% Turks, 14.8% Kurds, 11.2% Caucasus Greeks, 10.3% Karapapaks, and 7.7% Russians. == History == Kars Oblast was created in 1878 from some of the lands conquered by Russia from the Ottoman Empire and transferred to Russia by the Treaty of San Stefano (1878). The lands of the Oblast had previously belonged to the Ottoman Kars Eyalet and Samtskhe Province before 1845 and Erzurum Eyalet after 1845. 〔(Карсская область ) (Kars Oblast) in Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary 〕 With the incorporation of the region into Russian Empire, a large portion (82,000 during 1878-81, according to Russian sources〔) of the local Muslim population left for Ottoman territory. Instead new settlers (mostly Armenians, Caucasus Greeks (i.e., Russianized, eastern Pontic Greeks from Armenia and Georgia) and Russians) 〔(Карсская область ) (Kars Oblast) in Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary 〕 migrated to or were resettled in the newly conquered lands from Russia's other Transcaucasian provinces or from areas that still fell within the Ottoman Turkish side of the newly drawn border. Many of these Christian Orthodox communities had fought in or collaborated with the Russian imperial army as a means of recapturing territory from the Muslim Ottomans for Christian Orthodoxy.〔(Карсская область ) (Kars Oblast) in Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary 〕 The first ruler of the oblast held the title of ''nachalnik'' ("chief"), later the title became ''military governor''. Nachalniks were (01.11.1877—08.06.1878) and (08.06.1878—27.10.1878). The first military governor of was Viktor Frankini (27.10.1878—01.04.1881). After the October Revolution of 1917 and the disintegration of Russian Empire, the lands of its Kars Oblast were controlled for a short while by First Republic of Armenia and, in its northeastern part, by the Democratic Republic of Georgia. In any event Turkish forces soon recovered the area. Reincorporation of most of the lands of the former Kars Oblast into the Turkish state was officially confirmed by the Treaty of Kars (1921). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kars Oblast」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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